| Thematic Contents |
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xxv | |
| Preface |
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xxxv | |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (3) |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (4) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (3) |
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13 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing |
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14 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (24) |
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15 | (12) |
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Avoiding Errors in Critical Thinking |
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18 | (2) |
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Strategies for Enhancing Critical Thinking |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (4) |
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Moving from Topic to Thesis |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Strategies for Creating a Composing Style |
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28 | (1) |
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Writing the Whole Composition |
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28 | (5) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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Strategies for Writing on a Computer |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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Strategies for Collaborative Writing |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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Strategies for Overcoming Writer's Block |
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36 | (2) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on critical thinking and the writing process |
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38 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on critical thinking and the writing process |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (16) |
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39 | (4) |
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Strategies for Critical Reading |
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39 | (4) |
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Black Political Leadership (annotated) |
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43 | (2) |
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Using The Sundance Reader |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (6) |
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Photographs, Film, and Video |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Strategies for Analyzing Visual Images |
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50 | (2) |
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Seattle Street Kids with Gun, 1983; Joan Collins and Daughter, 1968 |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on critical thinking and the writing process |
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54 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on critical thinking and the writing process |
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54 | (1) |
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4 Narration: Relating Events |
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55 | (56) |
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55 | (3) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Strategies for Reading Narration |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Take This Fish and Look at It (annotated) |
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59 | (5) |
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Instead of lecturing, a famous scientist repeats a simple command to his new student-"look again, look again!" |
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64 | (4) |
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A young doctor learns that to avoid the threat of a lawsuit, the next time he sees an accident victim, he should "drive on." |
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68 | (5) |
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For African Americans in the segregated South, Joe Louis was more than a prize fighter. He was a symbol of hope and change. |
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73 | (5) |
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A minor traffic incident reveals the tenuous existence of undocumented aliens in America. |
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Michael Patrick MacDonald |
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78 | (6) |
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A social activist returns to Boston's Irish ghetto where four of his brothers died. |
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84 | (5) |
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In 1976 a new deadly virus claimed its first victim. Ebola was not AIDS, but it foreshadowed the deadly epidemic to come. |
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89 | (8) |
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Although an armed officer, Orwell recounts how a crowd pressured him to act against his will. |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom |
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Federal Bureau of Investigation |
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Interrogation of Lee Harvey Oswald |
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97 | (5) |
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A suspected assassin's account of his movements is recorded with terse accuracy. |
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The Reconstructed Logbook of the Titanic |
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102 | (3) |
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Lord provides a minute-by-minute account of the famed luxury liner's doomed maiden voyage. |
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105 | (1) |
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Strategies for Writing Narration |
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106 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Writing Narration |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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A trip across the Mexican border leads a student to alter his views of poverty. |
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110 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing narration |
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110 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing narration |
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110 | (1) |
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5 Description: Presenting Impressions |
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111 | (53) |
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111 | (6) |
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Objective and Subjective Description |
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112 | (2) |
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The Language of Description |
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114 | (3) |
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Strategies for Reading Descriptions |
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117 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Letter from Ground Zero (annotated) |
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119 | (3) |
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Living six blocks from the ruins of the World Trade Center, a writer confronts the "dread majesty" of the fallen towers. |
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122 | (3) |
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The congested Palestinian refugee camps are dirty, dusty enclaves of misery, violence, and terrorism. |
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125 | (3) |
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The opening pages of In Cold Blood describe a remote Kansas town that became the scene of an infamous mass murder. |
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128 | (4) |
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For Central Americans seeking a better life, the border between Mexico and the United States is a war zone of poverty and violence. |
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132 | (5) |
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The hot, unpredictable, and violent Santa Ana winds accentuate the impermanence and unreliability of life in Los Angeles. |
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137 | (4) |
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Burciaga recounts how his Mexican father, who worked as a custodian in an El Paso synagogue, risked his life for the Jewish faith. |
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Unforgettable Miss Bessie |
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141 | (5) |
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A noted columnist recalls the teacher who reminded him and other disadvantaged students that "what you put in your head...can never be pulled out by the Ku Klux Klan [or] Congress ..." |
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146 | (7) |
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Describing a vacation trip, White compares past and present and realizes his sense of mortality. |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom |
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The Times-Picayune, July 31, 1994 |
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3M Pharmaceutical Sales Representative Want Ad |
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153 | (2) |
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A want ad describes the ideal job candidate. |
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The Resume of Monica Ramos |
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155 | (3) |
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A job applicant details her skills and experience in response to a want ad. |
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158 | (1) |
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Strategies for Writing Description |
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159 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Descriptive Writing |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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The tombs of New Orleans' above-ground cemeteries form cities of miniature mansions and slums. |
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163 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing description |
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163 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing description |
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163 | (1) |
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6 Definition: Establishing Meaning |
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164 | (53) |
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164 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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The Purpose of Definition |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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Strategies for Reading Definitions |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (5) |
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A psychotherapist defines a reading disability by detailing her own experiences as a dyslexic. |
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Janice Castro, Dan Cook, and Cristina Garcia |
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174 | (3) |
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Castro offers a colorful definition of a new language emerging from the blending of two cultures. |
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177 | (3) |
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Goodman defines the qualities of a classic workaholic. |
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What Is Intelligence, Anyway? |
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180 | (3) |
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A famous science fiction author suggests our concept of intelligence is socially constructed. |
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183 | (5) |
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Poet and translator John Ciardi defines the elusive concept of happiness and asserts that it is never more than partial. |
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188 | (5) |
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A survivor of Dachau and Buchenwald objects to the term for the mass murder of Jews during World War II that emotionally distances its users from the catastrophe. |
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193 | (7) |
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Television, like drugs and alcohol, can narrow and dehumanize those who allow it to overwhelm their lives. |
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200 | (8) |
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The precise definition of "terrorism" involves a cause and random violence targeted against innocent civilians. |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom: Two Definitions of Depression |
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The Encyclopedia of Psychology |
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208 | (1) |
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An academic reference book defines the concept of depression for physicians and psychologists. |
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209 | (2) |
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A mental health clinic brochure defines depression for its clients and the general public. |
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Limousine, Southern California, 2003 |
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211 | (1) |
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Strategies for Writing Definitions |
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212 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Writing Definitions |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (2) |
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The Disneyland Dad is the divorced father who offers his estranged children material goods they want but not the parenting they need. |
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216 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing definitions |
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216 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing definitions |
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216 | (1) |
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7 Comparison and Contrast: Indicating Similarities and Differences |
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217 | (48) |
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What Is Comparison and Contrast? |
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217 | (4) |
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The Purposes of Comparison and Contrast |
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218 | (1) |
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Organizing Comparison and Contrast Papers |
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218 | (3) |
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Strategies for Reading Comparison and Contrast |
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221 | (2) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Chinese Space, American Space (annotated) |
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223 | (3) |
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Unlike the Chinese, "Americans have a sense of space, not place." |
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226 | (3) |
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An environmentalist offers a nightmarish depiction of how failure to protect the Earth can lead to disaster. |
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Neat People vs. Sloppy People |
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229 | (4) |
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Britt observes that neat people are lazier than sloppy people. |
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233 | (5) |
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Meeting at Appomattox, the two famous generals of the Civil War were studies in contrast who were "under everything else very much alike." |
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238 | (6) |
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The Irish immigrants who fled famine and oppression in the nineteenth century and African Americans who moved north in the twentieth century shared many of the same obstacles and opportunities. |
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Two Ways to Belong to America |
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244 | (5) |
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Two sisters represent contrasting attitudes about the immigrant experience. |
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Sex, Lies, and Conversation: Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other? |
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249 | (7) |
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Men and women have different communication styles that often create conflict in marriages. |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom |
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Peggy Kenna and Sondra Lacy |
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Communication Styles: United States and Taiwan |
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256 | (3) |
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Two consultants offer business travelers a chart contrasting American and Taiwanese communication styles. |
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259 | (1) |
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Strategies for Writing Comparison and Contrast |
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260 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Comparison and Contrast Writing |
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260 | (2) |
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Parallel States: Israel and Ireland |
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262 | (2) |
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Despite obvious differences, Israel and Ireland are both homelands to a great diaspora and share similar histories, social conflicts, and battles with terrorism. |
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Comparison and Contrast Checklist |
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264 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing comparison and contrast |
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264 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing comparison and contrast |
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264 | (1) |
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8 Analysis: Making Evaluations |
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265 | (70) |
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265 | (5) |
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Subjective and Objective Analysis |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking for Writing Analysis |
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268 | (2) |
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Strategies for Reading Analysis |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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The Handicap of Definition (annotated) |
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271 | (3) |
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A popular commentator asserts that widely held definitions of "blackness" have crippling effects on young African Americans. |
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274 | (4) |
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Rock music is "so generic, primitive, and witless" it requires little talent to create and aspires only to "perpetuate itself in the marketplace." |
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America: The Multinational Society |
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278 | (6) |
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Given the diversity of cultures, America can no longer be considered primarily a Western society. |
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Charging Ahead:: America's Biggest New Export- Credit Cards - Could Bring Down the World Economy |
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284 | (10) |
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The export of credit cards threatens to change nations that save into nations that consume, threatening the stability of the global economy. |
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How to Lie with Statistics |
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294 | (11) |
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This 1950 article remains an accurate study of the ways statistics are used to "sensationalize, inflate, confuse, and oversimplify." |
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Who's Listening to Your Cell Phone Calls? |
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305 | (5) |
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Easily monitored, even the most innocent cellular phone messages can aid criminals and stalkers. |
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Philip Gourevitch What They Saw at the Holocaust Museum |
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310 | (7) |
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A writer examines the reactions of visitors to Washington's popular Holocaust Memorial Museum. |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom |
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Kimberly A. Crawford, J.D. Surreptitious Recording of Suspects' Conversations |
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317 | (11) |
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An attorney analyzes the legality of secretly recorded conversations for an article in the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. |
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328 | (1) |
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Strategies for Writing Analysis |
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329 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Writing Analysis |
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329 | (2) |
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Nostalgia: Why We Need and Love the Past |
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331 | (3) |
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We love the past because it reminds us of our youth and because it is safe-whatever problems the Thirties, Fifties, or Seventies posed, we survived them. |
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334 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing analysis |
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334 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing analysis |
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334 | (1) |
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9 Division and Classification: Separating into Parts and Rating Categories |
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335 | (72) |
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What Are Division and Classification? |
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335 | (4) |
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335 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking for Writing Division |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking for Writing Classification |
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338 | (1) |
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Strategies for Reading Division and Classification |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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The Plot Against People (annotated) |
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340 | (3) |
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Inanimate objects frustrate people by not working, breaking down, and getting lost. |
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Friends, Good Friends-and Such Good Friends |
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343 | (6) |
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Viorst outlines seven kinds of friends. |
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Three Ways of Meeting Oppression |
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349 | (4) |
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Oppressed people can confront their situation in three ways: through acquiescence, with violence, or by nonviolent resistance. |
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353 | (5) |
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A scientist classifies the kinds of chance that occur in scientific research. |
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Three Kinds of Discipline |
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358 | (5) |
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Children encounter discipline from three sources: nature, society, and superior force. |
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363 | (10) |
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Men retain the power to make women feel like failures if they fail to measure up to society's expectations of feminine appearance. |
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Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer |
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373 | (16) |
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A former Secretary of Labor examines three job categories to explain the widening income gap. |
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389 | (5) |
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Humans use language for self-expression, social participation, and imagination. |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom |
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394 | (3) |
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The killing of one person by another is classified as "justifiable," "excusable," and "felonious." |
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Rinehart Guide to Grammar and Usage |
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397 | (3) |
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Sentences are classified by the number and type of clauses. |
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400 | (1) |
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Strategies for Division and Classification Writing |
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401 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Division and Classification Writing |
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401 | (2) |
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403 | (3) |
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Hispanic students do not form a homogenous group, but range from Spanish-speaking immigrants to highly assimilated "invisible" Hispanics. |
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Division and Classification Checklist |
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406 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing division and classification |
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406 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing division and classification |
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406 | (1) |
| 10 Process: Explaining How Things Work and Giving Directions |
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407 | (55) |
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407 | (3) |
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Explaining How Things Work |
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407 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking for Writing Explanations |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking for Writing Directions |
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410 | (1) |
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Strategies for Reading Process |
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410 | (2) |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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How to Mark a Book (annotated) |
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412 | (6) |
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A good reader interacts with a book, making notes in the margins. |
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418 | (4) |
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A popular radio personality explains the dos and don'ts of writing a letter. |
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Fender Benders: Legal Do's and Don is |
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422 | (5) |
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A consumer reporter offers step-by-step advice to motorists involved in minor accidents. |
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How Our Skins Got Their Color |
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427 | (4) |
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Sunlight, Vitamin D, and skin cancer caused people to develop lighter and darker complexions. |
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431 | (4) |
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A writing expert offers advice on how to write under stress. |
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Resumes That Rate a Second Look |
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435 | (3) |
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A career counselor offers eight tips for creating effective resumes. |
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Seeing Your Way Past Interview Jitters |
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438 | (4) |
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Job applicants can improve their interview performances by using a psychological technique called visualization. |
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Evaluating a Job Opportunity |
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442 | (4) |
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Accepting the wrong job can be worse than not being hired. |
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Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain |
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446 | (7) |
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The reality of death is obscured by morticians who work to create a corpse acceptable for public viewing. |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom |
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Cleaning Battery Terminals |
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453 | (3) |
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The author of Lucille's Car Care provides instructions on car repair. |
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456 | (1) |
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Strategies for Process Writing |
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457 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Process Writing |
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457 | (2) |
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459 | (2) |
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Homeowners can deter robbers by following a few simple tips. |
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461 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on process writing |
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461 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on process writing |
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461 | (1) |
| 11 Cause and Effect: Determining Reasons and Predicting Results |
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462 | (56) |
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What Is Cause and Effect? |
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462 | (5) |
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463 | (2) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking for Cause-and-Effect Writing |
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467 | (1) |
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Strategies for Reading Cause and Effect |
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468 | (2) |
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468 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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The Effects of the Telephone (annotated) |
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470 | (3) |
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The telephone, perhaps more than any other invention, revolutionized human experience. |
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Why Schools Don't Educate |
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473 | (4) |
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A former teacher-of-the-year lists reasons why schools fail to teach and describes the effects faulty schools have on children. |
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Why We Crave Horror Movies |
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477 | (4) |
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A popular novelist explains that horror movies appeal to the insanity and potential for violence in all of us. |
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481 | (4) |
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The father of a child with fetal alcohol syndrome explains the effects of a commonly overlooked cause of birth defects. |
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485 | (4) |
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Cousins blames the cause of death of a young boxer on the people who paid to see him fight. |
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Black Men and Public Space |
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489 | (5) |
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An African American male relates the effects he causes by simply walking down a public street. |
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Opposing Viewpoints: The "Abuse Excuse" |
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The "Abuse Excuse" Is Detrimental to the Justice System |
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494 | (4) |
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A noted defense attorney argues that the "abuse excuse" encourages vigilantism. |
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The Abuse Defense Balances the Justice System |
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498 | (4) |
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The defense attorney who achieved fame during the Menendez trial asserts that the abuse defense results in greater justice for victims. |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom |
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The Declaration of Independence |
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502 | (5) |
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Jefferson details the reasons why the American colonies must sever ties with Great Britain. |
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Solving Printer Operation Problems |
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507 | (5) |
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An owner's manual provides a simple cause-and-effect chart to remedy common problems. |
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WTO Summit Demonstrators, Nev, York City |
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512 | (1) |
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Strategies for Cause-and-Effect Writing |
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513 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Cause-and-Effect Writing |
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513 | (2) |
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515 | (2) |
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Outlining the effects proposed development will have on a local river, a student questions if the waterway can be preserved. |
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Cause-and-Effect Checklist |
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517 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing cause and effect |
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517 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing cause and effect |
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517 | (1) |
| 12 Argument and Persuasion: Influencing Readers |
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518 | |
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What Is Argument and Persuasion? |
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518 | (3) |
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519 | (2) |
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Appealing to Hostile Readers |
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521 | (1) |
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Critical Thinking for Writing Argument and Persuasion |
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521 | (1) |
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Strategies for Reading Argument and Persuasion |
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522 | (1) |
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522 | (1) |
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522 | (1) |
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522 | (1) |
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Uncle Sam and Aunt Samantha: Women as Well as Men Should Be Required to Register for the Draft (annotated) |
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523 | (4) |
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Quindlen argues that since women have served in combat positions and have been killed in battle, they should be required to register for the draft like men. |
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Part-Time Work Ethic: Should Teens Go for It? |
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527 | (5) |
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After-school jobs provide teenagers with both benefits and distractions. |
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Why I Changed My Mind on the Death Penalty |
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532 | (4) |
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A journalist loses his belief in capital punishment when he comes to view it as simply another example of society's fascination with violence. |
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In Praise of the "F" Word |
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536 | (4) |
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A teacher argues that a failing grade can be a valuable learning experience. |
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Opposing Viewpoints: Reparations for Slavery |
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An Idea Whose Time Has Come: Whites Have a Moral Obligation to Recognize Slavery's Legacy |
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540 | (4) |
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Whites, Marable declares, have a moral responsibility to rectify centuries of racial exploitation. |
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A Childish Illusion: Reparations Enshrine Victimhood, Dishonoring Our Ancestors |
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544 | (4) |
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Steele argues that the demand for reparations ignores the need for greater black responsibility to overcome poverty and violence. |
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Opposing Viewpoints: Cultural Identity |
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548 | (5) |
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Resisting assimilation, a Chicano writer embraces his heritage to escape what he calls the "vacuum of the dominant society." |
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553 | (4) |
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Ehrenreich rejects her ethnic background and is proud that her children see themselves as belonging to the "race of none." |
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Writing Beyond the Classroom |
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Letter to President Roosevelt, August 2, 1939 |
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557 | (3) |
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At the outbreak of World War II, America's most famous scientist alerted President Roosevelt about the potential of nuclear weapons. |
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The Irish American Partnership |
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560 | (3) |
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Using a headline recalling racist "No Irish Need Apply" notices, a fund-raising ad urges affluent Irish Americans to donate to their homeland. |
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Teenager in American Slum, 2003 |
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563 | (1) |
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Strategies for Writing Argument and Persuasion |
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564 | (1) |
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Suggested Topics for Writing Argument and Persuasion |
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564 | (2) |
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Why a Black Student Union? |
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566 | (3) |
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Responding to critics, a student defends the existence of a black student union on his campus. |
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Argument and Persuasion Checklist |
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569 | (1) |
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Companion Website: See for further information on writing argument and persuasion |
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569 | (1) |
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InfoTrac® College Edition: See for further sources on writing argument and persuasion |
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569 | (7743) |
| Appendix: Writer's Guide to Documenting Sources |
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A-1 | |
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A-1 | |
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A-1 | |
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A-2 | |
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A-2 | |
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A-3 | |
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A-3 | |
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A-5 | |
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A-6 | |
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Building a Works Cited List |
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A-6 | |
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A-8 | |
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A-9 | |
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Building a Reference List |
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A-9 | |
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A-11 | |
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Strategies for Avoiding Common Problems |
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A-11 | |
| Credits |
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C-1 | |
| Index |
|
I-1 | |
Other versions by this Author