| Introduction Understanding Students in the Middle Grades (3-8) |
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1 | (2) |
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Personal and Social Issues That Affect Education for Students in the Middle Grades |
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3 | (10) |
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13 | (8) |
| PART I Getting Ready for the School Year: Assessment and Materials |
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Assessment: Getting to Know Students as People and Learners |
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21 | (32) |
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What Is Assessment and Why Is It Important? |
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21 | (1) |
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Getting to Know Students as People |
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22 | (6) |
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Getting to Know Students as Learners |
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28 | (4) |
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Issues in Choosing Appropriate Books |
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32 | (6) |
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Analyzing Students' Reading |
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38 | (12) |
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Continual Assessments during Classroom Instruction |
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50 | (3) |
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What Students Read and How to Get It |
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53 | (24) |
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Building a Classroom Collection to Support Learning and Engagement |
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54 | (5) |
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Other Important Features of a Well-Balanced Classroom Collection |
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59 | (7) |
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Books That ``Fit'': Guiding Students in Choosing Appropriate Books |
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66 | (3) |
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The Hardest Part: Acquiring Materials for Classroom Collections |
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69 | (8) |
| PART II Reading and Writing Instruction |
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Reading Aloud to Students |
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77 | (20) |
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Why Read Aloud in the Middle Grades? |
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78 | (1) |
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Exposing Students to a Variety of Topics and Genres by Reading Aloud |
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78 | (3) |
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Promoting Engagement in Reading through Reading Aloud |
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81 | (1) |
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Giving Students Access to Texts They Cannot Yet Read on Their Own |
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82 | (2) |
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Creating a Context for Sharing Expertise about Reading and Writing |
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84 | (7) |
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Providing Opportunities for Personal Response, Discussion, and Inquiry |
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91 | (2) |
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Making Time for Reading Aloud |
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93 | (4) |
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97 | (24) |
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Why Prioritize Independent, Self-Selected Reading? |
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98 | (3) |
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The Importance of Self-Selection: What Students Read on Their Own |
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101 | (5) |
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Independent Reading in the Content Areas |
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106 | (1) |
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What Teachers Do during Reading Time: Supporting, Teaching, and Assessing |
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107 | (14) |
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121 | (24) |
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What Is Fluency and Why Is It Important? |
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122 | (1) |
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Elementary and Middle School Classrooms That Foster Reading Fluency |
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122 | (1) |
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Why Some Students Don't Develop Adequate Fluency |
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123 | (1) |
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Traditional Fluency Instruction |
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123 | (2) |
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Purposeful Instruction That Targets Fluency Development |
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125 | (15) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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Guiding Students to Read as Writers |
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145 | (30) |
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Tapping Personal Experience as a Source for Writing |
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146 | (7) |
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Thinking as an Author: Using Models from Literature |
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153 | (14) |
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Engagement and Writing: Developing Independence |
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167 | (8) |
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175 | (42) |
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Encouraging Language Play |
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176 | (9) |
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185 | (3) |
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188 | (7) |
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Using Students' Knowledge about Words to Guide Instruction |
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195 | (22) |
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Guiding Students to Act as Researchers |
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217 | (34) |
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218 | (1) |
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Learning about the Research Process |
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219 | (5) |
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Setting Up Clear Steps for Research and the Writing Process |
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224 | (20) |
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Revisiting the Topic of Engagement in Research |
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244 | (7) |
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Tailoring Instruction for Individual Students |
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251 | (88) |
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Meeting Students' Needs in the Regular Instructional Program |
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252 | (1) |
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Extra Assistance for Students Who Struggle |
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253 | (1) |
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Current Views on Students Who Struggle in Literacy |
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254 | (1) |
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School Programs for Students Who Struggle in Literacy |
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254 | (2) |
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Instruction in Remedial and Special Education Programs |
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256 | (2) |
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What Kinds of Instruction Do Struggling Learners Need? |
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258 | (1) |
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A Plan for Meeting the Needs of Struggling Learners |
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258 | (10) |
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Exploring Options for Additional Assistance |
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268 | (2) |
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Learning More about Helping Struggling Learners |
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270 | (9) |
| APPENDICES |
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Appendix A Graphic Organizers for Reading and Writing |
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279 | (10) |
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Appendix B Forms and Record Keeping |
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289 | (12) |
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Appendix C Literature for Children and Adolescents |
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301 | (18) |
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Appendix D Resources for Teaching Reading and Writing |
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319 | (10) |
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Appendix E Charles: A Case Study of a Less Skilled Reader in the Middle Grades |
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329 | (10) |
| Index |
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339 | |