| Preface |
|
xxv | |
|
Part I Principles of Atomic Physics |
|
|
1 | (72) |
|
|
|
3 | (12) |
|
Discovery of Radioactivity |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Internal Structure of Atoms |
|
|
4 | (8) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Atomic Weights of Elements |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
Binding Energy of Nucleus |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Nuclear Stability and Abundance |
|
|
7 | (5) |
|
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
Decay Modes of Radionuclides |
|
|
15 | (19) |
|
|
|
15 | (9) |
|
|
|
15 | (4) |
|
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Energy Profiles of Isobaric Sections |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (4) |
|
Parent--Daughter Relations |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (3) |
|
Spontaneous and Induced Fission |
|
|
28 | (5) |
|
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
|
34 | (21) |
|
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Growth of Radioactive Daughters |
|
|
39 | (3) |
|
Decay to an Unstable Daughter |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
Units of Radioactivity and Dosage |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
Medical Effects of Ionizing Radiation |
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
Sources of Environmental Radioactivity |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
Neutron Activation Analysis |
|
|
47 | (6) |
|
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
|
|
55 | (18) |
|
Growth of Radiogenic Daughters |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
|
|
57 | (3) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Initial Abundance of Radiogenic Daughters |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
|
60 | (4) |
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (2) |
|
Mass Spectrometry and Isotope Dilution |
|
|
64 | (7) |
|
Principles of Mass Spectrometry |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
Equations of Motion of Ions |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
Tandem-Accelerator Mass Spectrometers |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
Isotope Dilution Analysis |
|
|
68 | (3) |
|
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Part II Radiogenic Isotope Geochronometers |
|
|
73 | (272) |
|
|
|
75 | (38) |
|
Geochemistry of Rb and Sr |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (4) |
|
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Interlaboratory Isotope Standards |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
80 | (9) |
|
Mesozoic Granite Plutons of Nigeria |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
Stony and Iron Meteorites |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
|
|
85 | (3) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
89 | (6) |
|
|
|
89 | (4) |
|
Carn Chuinneag Granite, Scotland |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
Amitsoq Gneiss, Southwest Greenland |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
La Gorce Formation, Wisconsin Range, Antarctica |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
|
95 | (11) |
|
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
|
102 | (4) |
|
|
|
106 | (7) |
|
|
|
107 | (6) |
|
|
|
113 | (31) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
Retention of 40Ar by Minerals |
|
|
115 | (5) |
|
Idaho Springs Gneiss, Colorado |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Snowbank Stock, Minnesota |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Volcanic Rocks of Tertiary Age |
|
|
121 | (5) |
|
Rate of Motion of the Hawaiian Islands |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Magnetic Reversal Chronology |
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (6) |
|
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Potassium-Rich Bentonites |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Volcanogenic Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
|
|
132 | (2) |
|
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
|
134 | (4) |
|
|
|
138 | (6) |
|
|
|
138 | (6) |
|
|
|
144 | (36) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
144 | (3) |
|
Incremental Heating Technique |
|
|
147 | (4) |
|
Marble Mountains, California |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
Diabase Dikes in Liberia, West Africa |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Anorthoclase, Mt. Erebus, Antarctica |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Argon Isotope Correlation Diagram |
|
|
153 | (4) |
|
Portage Lake Volcanics, Michigan |
|
|
153 | (2) |
|
Lunar Basalt and Orange Glass |
|
|
155 | (2) |
|
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
Dating Meteorite Impact Craters |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
Sanidine Crystals, Yellowstone Park, Wyoming |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
|
159 | (3) |
|
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (2) |
|
|
|
162 | (4) |
|
Meguma Group, Nova Scotia |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
Barberton Greenstone Belt, Swaziland |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
Metamorphic Rocks: Broken Hill, N.S.W., Australia |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
Thermochronometry: Haliburton Highlands, Ontario, Canada |
|
|
168 | (3) |
|
|
|
171 | (9) |
|
|
|
172 | (8) |
|
|
|
180 | (14) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
Pikes Peak Granite, Colorado |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Isotope Geochemistry of Calcium |
|
|
183 | (7) |
|
Radiogenic 40Ca in Terrestrial Rocks |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
Mass-Dependent Isotope Fractionation |
|
|
185 | (4) |
|
Isotope Anomalies in the Solar Nebula |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
|
190 | (4) |
|
|
|
191 | (3) |
|
|
|
194 | (20) |
|
Geochemistry of Sm and Nd |
|
|
194 | (3) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
197 | (5) |
|
Isotope Fractionation and CHUR |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
Model Dates Based on CHUR |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
Dating by the Sm--Nd Method |
|
|
202 | (5) |
|
Onverwacht Group, South Africa |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
Growth of the Continental Crust |
|
|
204 | (3) |
|
Meteorites and Martian Rocks |
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
|
|
209 | (2) |
|
|
|
211 | (3) |
|
|
|
211 | (3) |
|
The U--Pb, Th--Pb, and Pb--Pb Methods |
|
|
214 | (42) |
|
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
Decay of U and Th Isotopes |
|
|
215 | (3) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
218 | (3) |
|
U, Th--Pb Dates, Boulder Creek Batholith, Colorado |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
|
|
223 | (4) |
|
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
U-Th-Pb Concordia Diagrams |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Alternative Pb Loss Models |
|
|
227 | (3) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
Refinements in Analytical Methods |
|
|
230 | (3) |
|
Purification of Zircon Grains |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
Dating Detrital Zircon Grains |
|
|
233 | (3) |
|
Potsdam Sandstone, New York |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Pontiac Sandstone, Abitibi Belt, Ontario/Quebec |
|
|
234 | (2) |
|
Tera-Wasserburg Concordia |
|
|
236 | (4) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
Other Applications of Tera--Wasserburg Concordia |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
U--Pb, Th--Pb, and Pb--Pb Isochrons (Granite Mountains, Wyoming) |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
Pb--Pb Dating of Carbonate Rocks |
|
|
242 | (3) |
|
Marine Geochemistry of U, Th, and Pb |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Mushandike Limestone, Zimbabwe |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Transvaal Dolomite, South Africa |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
U--Pb and Th--Pb Isochrons of Carbonate Rocks |
|
|
245 | (4) |
|
Lucas Formation (Middle Devonian), Ontario |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
Zn-Pb Deposits, Tri-State District, United States |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Speleothems of Quaternary Age |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
249 | (7) |
|
|
|
250 | (6) |
|
|
|
256 | (28) |
|
The Holmes-Houtermans Model |
|
|
256 | (5) |
|
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Primeval Pb in Meteorites |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
The Age of Meteorites and the Earth |
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
|
|
261 | (7) |
|
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Dating Single-Stage Leads |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
Lead from Cobalt, Ontario |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Limitations of the Single-Stage Model |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
Balmat, St Lawrence County, New York |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
Anomalous Leads in Galena |
|
|
270 | (4) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Instantaneous Growth of Radiogenic Pb |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Continuous Growth of Radiogenic Pb |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Lead-Zinc Deposits, Southeastern Missouri |
|
|
274 | (5) |
|
|
|
275 | (2) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
|
280 | (4) |
|
|
|
281 | (3) |
|
|
|
284 | (13) |
|
Geochemistry of Lu and Hf |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Model Hf Dates Derived from CHUR |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Applications of Lu-Hf Dating |
|
|
290 | (4) |
|
Amitsoq Gneiss, Godthab Area, West Greenland |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Detrital Zircons, Mt. Narryer, Western Australia |
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
|
|
294 | (3) |
|
|
|
294 | (3) |
|
|
|
297 | (25) |
|
Rhenium and Osmium in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Rocks |
|
|
297 | (4) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Molybdenite and 187Re-187Os Isochrons |
|
|
302 | (3) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
305 | (5) |
|
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (2) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
The Cu--Ni Sulfide Ores, Noril'sk, Siberia |
|
|
310 | (2) |
|
Origin of Other Sulfide Ore Deposits |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Gold Deposits of the Witwatersrand, South Africa |
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
The Solution to the Problem |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
317 | (5) |
|
|
|
317 | (5) |
|
|
|
322 | (18) |
|
Geochemistry of La and Ce |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
|
|
327 | (2) |
|
Bushveld Complex, South Africa |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Lewisian Gneiss, Scotland |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (5) |
|
|
|
332 | (2) |
|
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (3) |
|
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
|
|
340 | (5) |
|
Geochemistry of La and Ba |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Principles and Methodology |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Amitsoq Gneiss, West Greenland |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Mustikkamaki Pegmatite, Finland |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
Part III Geochemistry of Radiogenic Isotopes |
|
|
345 | (150) |
|
|
|
347 | (16) |
|
Chemical Compositions of Mixtures |
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Sequential Two-Component Mixtures |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
Isotopic Mixtures of Sr and Nd |
|
|
352 | (3) |
|
Three-Component Isotopic Mixtures |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (5) |
|
North Channel, Lake Huron, Canada |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Detrital Silicate Sediment, Red Sea |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
Fictitious Rb-Sr Isochrons |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Potassic Lavas, Toro-Ankole, East Africa |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
|
363 | (49) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Magma Sources in the Mantle |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (4) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
Undifferentiated Mantle Reservoir of Sr |
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
Basalt and Rhyolite of Iceland |
|
|
369 | (6) |
|
Iceland and the Reykjanes Ridge |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (3) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
History of the Iceland Plume |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (5) |
|
Isotopic Mixtures of Sr, Nd, and Pb |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Hafnium in Basalt of Oahu |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
Osmium in Hawaiian Basalt |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
HIMU Magma Sources of Polynesia |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
|
|
382 | (7) |
|
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
|
|
389 | (5) |
|
Columbia River Basalt, United States |
|
|
389 | (3) |
|
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
|
394 | (5) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Leucite Hills, Wyoming, United States |
|
|
395 | (4) |
|
|
|
399 | (6) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Genetic Classification of Granites |
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
|
|
405 | (7) |
|
|
|
406 | (6) |
|
|
|
412 | (24) |
|
|
|
412 | (7) |
|
Rivers, Precambrian Shield, Canada |
|
|
413 | (3) |
|
Groundwater, Precambrian Shield, Canada |
|
|
416 | (3) |
|
|
|
419 | (7) |
|
Murray River, N.S.W., Australia |
|
|
419 | (4) |
|
Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada |
|
|
423 | (3) |
|
|
|
426 | (7) |
|
Strontium and Neodymium in Water and Sediment |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Confluence at Manaus, Brazil |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Model Dates of Sediment, Amazon River |
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
Lead Isotopes, Zaire and Amazon |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Implications for Petrogenesis |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (3) |
|
|
|
433 | (3) |
|
|
|
436 | (59) |
|
Strontium in the Phanerozoic Oceans |
|
|
436 | (11) |
|
|
|
436 | (2) |
|
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
|
|
441 | (3) |
|
Sr Chronometry (Cenozoic Era) |
|
|
444 | (2) |
|
The Cambrian ``Explosion'' |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Strontium in the Precambrian Oceans |
|
|
447 | (4) |
|
Late Proterozoic Carbonates |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Snowball Earth Glaciations |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Early Proterozoic and Archean Carbonates |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
451 | (12) |
|
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
Mixing of Nd in the Baltic Sea |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
Ferromanganese Nodules and Crusts |
|
|
457 | (4) |
|
Water--Rock Interaction (Ophiolites) |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
|
463 | (7) |
|
Sorption of Pb2+ by Oxyhydroxide Particles |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (3) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Osmium in Continental Runoff |
|
|
470 | (5) |
|
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Lacustrine Ferromanganese Deposits |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Anthropogenic Contamination |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (5) |
|
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Isotopic Evolution during Cenozoic Era |
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
|
|
480 | (6) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Recent Ferromanganese Nodules |
|
|
482 | (2) |
|
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
|
|
486 | (9) |
|
|
|
487 | (8) |
|
Part IV Short-Lived Radionuclides |
|
|
495 | (196) |
|
Uranium/Thorium-Series Disequilibria |
|
|
497 | (49) |
|
238U/234U-230Th-Series Geochronometers |
|
|
498 | (10) |
|
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
Sedimentation Rate in the Oceans |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
230Th with 234U/238U Disequilibrium |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Coral Terraces on Barbados |
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
|
|
508 | (8) |
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Isotope Geochemistry of Radium |
|
|
512 | (4) |
|
|
|
516 | (5) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Rosholt's 230Th-231Pa Geochronometer |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (6) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
Archeology and Anthropology |
|
|
527 | (4) |
|
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Neandertals and Homo sapiens |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Speleothems and Travertines |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
531 | (4) |
|
|
|
532 | (2) |
|
Age of the Olby-Laschamp Event |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (4) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
Oceanic and Continental Andesites |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Applications to Petrogenesis |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
|
|
539 | (7) |
|
|
|
540 | (6) |
|
|
|
546 | (31) |
|
U--Th/He Method of Dating |
|
|
546 | (5) |
|
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
Diffusion of He in Minerals |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
|
|
551 | (3) |
|
Otway Basin, South Australia |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Mt. Whitney, Sierra Nevada Mountains |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
He Dating of Iron-Ore Deposits |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (5) |
|
Production and Decay of Tritium |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
|
556 | (2) |
|
Dating Water (Cosmogenic Tritium) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Travel Time of Water in Confined Aquifers |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Kirkwood-Cohansey Aquifer, New Jersey |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Meteorites and Oceanic Basalt |
|
|
560 | (6) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (4) |
|
|
|
566 | (5) |
|
Ultramafic Inclusions and Basalt |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Effect of Tectonic Age on He in Groundwater |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
Geothermal He, New Zealand |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
571 | (6) |
|
|
|
572 | (5) |
|
|
|
577 | (36) |
|
|
|
577 | (3) |
|
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (12) |
|
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
|
583 | (3) |
|
Track Fading and Closure Temperatures |
|
|
586 | (5) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Applications of Fission-Track Dates |
|
|
592 | (3) |
|
The Catskill Delta of New York |
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
|
595 | (8) |
|
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
|
603 | (3) |
|
|
|
603 | (2) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (7) |
|
|
|
608 | (5) |
|
|
|
613 | (41) |
|
|
|
614 | (11) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
620 | (2) |
|
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (2) |
|
Beryllium-10 and Aluminum-26 (Atmospheric) |
|
|
625 | (8) |
|
|
|
626 | (3) |
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Exposure Dating (10Be and 26Al) |
|
|
633 | (6) |
|
Beryllium-10 and Aluminum-26 in Quartz |
|
|
634 | (2) |
|
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Cosmogenic and Thermonuclear 36CI |
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
641 | (5) |
|
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (3) |
|
Other Long-Lived Cosmogenic Radionuchdes |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
|
646 | (8) |
|
|
|
647 | (7) |
|
|
|
654 | (13) |
|
|
|
655 | (2) |
|
|
|
657 | (2) |
|
|
|
659 | (3) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (4) |
|
|
|
664 | (3) |
|
Thermonuclear Radionuclides |
|
|
667 | (24) |
|
Fission Products and Transuranium Elements |
|
|
667 | (5) |
|
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (2) |
|
Disposal of Radwaste (Yucca Mountain, Nevada) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Reactor Accidents: Chernobyl, Ukraine |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
Strontium-90 in the Environment |
|
|
672 | (6) |
|
Global Distribution (90Sr) |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | (3) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Cesium-137 in the Environment |
|
|
678 | (4) |
|
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Arctic Ocean: 90Sr/137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 241Am |
|
|
682 | (4) |
|
|
|
686 | (5) |
|
|
|
687 | (4) |
|
Part V Fractionation of Stable Isotopes |
|
|
691 | (184) |
|
|
|
693 | (60) |
|
|
|
693 | (2) |
|
|
|
695 | (2) |
|
|
|
697 | (7) |
|
Temperature Dependence of Fractionation |
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Climate Records in Ice Cores |
|
|
701 | (3) |
|
Paleothermometry (Carbonates) |
|
|
704 | (5) |
|
|
|
704 | (2) |
|
|
|
706 | (2) |
|
Oxygen-Isotope Stratigraphy |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
Silicate Minerals and Rocks |
|
|
709 | (5) |
|
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
Thermometry of Silicates and Oxides |
|
|
711 | (3) |
|
Water-Rock Interactions (Rocks) |
|
|
714 | (4) |
|
Fossil Hydrothermal Systems |
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
Hydrothermal Ore Deposits |
|
|
716 | (2) |
|
Water-Rock Interactions (Water) |
|
|
718 | (7) |
|
|
|
718 | (2) |
|
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
Oilfield Brines, United States and Canada |
|
|
721 | (3) |
|
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
|
|
727 | (3) |
|
|
|
730 | (5) |
|
|
|
730 | (2) |
|
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (1) |
|
|
|
733 | (2) |
|
Biogenic Silica and Hydroxides of Fe and Al |
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
Chert (Phanerozoic and Precambrian) |
|
|
736 | (2) |
|
|
|
738 | (5) |
|
|
|
739 | (2) |
|
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
Nucleosynthesis of O Isotopes |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
743 | (10) |
|
|
|
744 | (9) |
|
|
|
753 | (50) |
|
|
|
754 | (3) |
|
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
Life in Extreme Environments |
|
|
755 | (2) |
|
Life in the Precambrian Oceans |
|
|
757 | (4) |
|
Carbon Isotopes in Precambrian Kerogen |
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
Hydrogen Isotopes in Thermophilic Organisms |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
|
|
761 | (2) |
|
|
|
761 | (1) |
|
Petroleum and Natural Gas |
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
Carbon-Isotope Stratigraphy (Phanerozoic) |
|
|
763 | (5) |
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
764 | (3) |
|
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
Neoproterozoic--Early Cambrian |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
|
|
768 | (6) |
|
Carbon-Isotope Excursions |
|
|
769 | (2) |
|
|
|
771 | (3) |
|
Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks |
|
|
774 | (11) |
|
|
|
774 | (2) |
|
|
|
776 | (2) |
|
|
|
778 | (3) |
|
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
|
|
781 | (3) |
|
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
|
|
785 | (5) |
|
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
|
|
787 | (1) |
|
|
|
788 | (2) |
|
|
|
790 | (2) |
|
|
|
791 | (1) |
|
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
|
|
792 | (11) |
|
|
|
793 | (10) |
|
|
|
803 | (21) |
|
|
|
803 | (2) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
Nitrogen on the Surface of the Earth |
|
|
806 | (2) |
|
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
Lacustrine Sediment and the Food Chain |
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
|
|
808 | (3) |
|
Igneous Rocks and the Mantle |
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
|
|
813 | (2) |
|
|
|
815 | (2) |
|
|
|
817 | (1) |
|
|
|
818 | (2) |
|
|
|
820 | (4) |
|
|
|
820 | (4) |
|
|
|
824 | (30) |
|
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
Biogenic Isotope Fractionation |
|
|
825 | (2) |
|
Sulfur in Recent Sediment |
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
|
|
828 | (2) |
|
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Sedimentary Rocks of Precambrian Age |
|
|
831 | (2) |
|
Isotopic Evolution of Marine Sulfate |
|
|
833 | (2) |
|
|
|
835 | (5) |
|
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
|
836 | (1) |
|
|
|
836 | (4) |
|
|
|
840 | (3) |
|
Isotope Fractionation among Sulfide Minerals |
|
|
841 | (1) |
|
Isotope Fractionation in Ore-Forming Fluids |
|
|
842 | (1) |
|
Sulfur in the Environment |
|
|
843 | (3) |
|
Mass-Independent Isotope Fractionation |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
|
847 | (7) |
|
|
|
849 | (5) |
|
|
|
854 | (21) |
|
|
|
855 | (4) |
|
|
|
855 | (1) |
|
|
|
856 | (2) |
|
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
|
|
859 | (4) |
|
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
|
|
860 | (2) |
|
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
|
|
863 | (5) |
|
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
|
|
863 | (1) |
|
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
|
|
865 | (1) |
|
Aqueous Isotope Geochemistry |
|
|
865 | (1) |
|
|
|
866 | (2) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
|
868 | (2) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
|
870 | (1) |
|
|
|
870 | (5) |
|
|
|
870 | (5) |
| Index |
|
875 | (22) |
| International Geological Timescale (2002) |
|
897 | |