Introduction to Optical Quantum Information Processing

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Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2010-05-31
Publisher(s): Cambridge University Press
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Summary

Quantum information processing offers fundamental improvements over classical information processing, such as computing power, secure communication, and high-precision measurements. However, the best way to create practical devices is not yet known. This textbook describes the techniques that are likely to be used in implementing optical quantum information processors. After developing the fundamental concepts in quantum optics and quantum information theory, the book shows how optical systems can be used to build quantum computers according to the most recent ideas. It discusses implementations based on single photons and linear optics, optically controlled atoms and solid-state systems, atomic ensembles, and optical continuous variables. This book is ideal for graduate students beginning research in optical quantum information processing. It presents the most important techniques of the field using worked examples and over 120 exercises.

Author Biography

Pieter Kok is a Lecturer in Theoretical Physics in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Sheffield. He is a member of the Institute of Physics and the American Physical Society, and his Ph.D. thesis won the Institute of Physics Quantum Electronics and Photonics thesis award in 2001.
Brendon W. Lovett is a Royal Society University Research Fellow in the Department of Materials and a Fellow of St Anne's College at the University of Oxford. He is a member of the Institute of Physics. He has been a visiting Fellow at the University of Queensland, Australia, and is an Academic Visitor at the National University of Singapore.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xi
Quantum optics and quantum information
The quantum theory of lightp. 3
The classical electromagnetic fieldp. 3
Quantization of the electromagnetic fieldp. 6
Mode functions and polarizationp. 16
Evolution of the field operatorsp. 25
Quantum states of the electromagnetic fieldp. 37
References and further readingp. 46
Quantum information processingp. 48
Quantum informationp. 48
Quantum communicationp. 57
Quantum computation with qubitsp. 62
Quantum computation with continuous variablesp. 80
References and further readingp. 89
Figures of meritp. 90
Density operators and superoperatorsp. 90
The fidelityp. 100
Entropy, information, and entanglement measuresp. 101
Correlation functions and interference of lightp. 105
Photon correlation measurementsp. 108
References and further readingp. 110
Quantum information in photons and atoms
Photon sources and detectorsp. 113
A mathematical model of photodetectorsp. 113
Physical implementations of photodetectorsp. 121
Single-photon sourcesp. 129
Entangled photon sourcesp. 139
Quantum non-demolition photon detectorsp. 142
References and further readingp. 144
Quantum communication with single photonsp. 145
Photons as information carriersp. 145
Quantum teleportation and entanglement swappingp. 162
Decoherence-free subspaces for communicationp. 170
Quantum cryptographyp. 172
References and further readingp. 177
Quantum computation with single photonsp. 179
Optical N-port interferometers and scalabilityp. 179
Post-selection and feed-forward gatesp. 181
Building quantum computers with probabilistic gatesp. 192
Photon counting and quantum memoriesp. 202
Threshold theorem for linear-optical quantum computingp. 207
References and further readingp. 209
Atomic quantum information carriersp. 210
Atomic systems as qubitsp. 210
The Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonianp. 222
The optical master equation and quantum jumpsp. 227
Entangling operations via path erasurep. 236
Other entangling gatesp. 245
References and further readingp. 251
Quantum information in many-body systems
Quantum communication with continuous variablesp. 255
Phase space in quantum opticsp. 255
Continuous-variable entanglementp. 267
Teleportation and entanglement swappingp. 272
Entanglement distillationp. 280
Quantum cryptographyp. 281
References and further readingp. 293
Quantum computation with continuous variablesp. 294
Single-mode optical qunat gatesp. 294
Two-mode Gaussian qunat operationsp. 299
The Gottesman-Knill theorem for qunatsp. 303
Nonlinear optical qunat gatesp. 307
The one-way model for qunatsp. 309
Quantum error correction for qunatsp. 318
References and further readingp. 326
Atomic ensembles in quantum information processingp. 327
An ensemble of identical two-level atomsp. 327
Electromagnetically induced transparencyp. 337
Quantum memories and quantum repeatersp. 344
The atomic ensemble as a single qubitp. 352
Photon-photon interactions via atomic ensemblesp. 355
References and further readingp. 360
Solid-state quantum information carriersp. 361
Basic concepts of solid-state systemsp. 361
Definition and optical manipulation of solid-state qubitsp. 375
Interactions in solid-state qubit systemsp. 381
Entangling two-qubit operationsp. 384
Scalability of solid-state devicesp. 393
References and further readingp. 395
Decoherence of solid-state qubitsp. 397
Phononsp. 397
Electron-phonon couplingp. 400
The master equation for electrons and phononsp. 403
Overcoming decoherencep. 406
Strong coupling effectsp. 412
References and further readingp. 419
Quantum metrologyp. 421
Parameter estimation and Fisher informationp. 421
The statistical distancep. 425
The dynamical evolution of statesp. 433
Entanglement-assisted parameter estimationp. 437
Optical quantum metrologyp. 440
References and further readingp. 452
Baker-Campbell-Haussdorff relationsp. 454
The Knill-Laflamme-Milburn protocolp. 457
Cross-Kerr nonlinearities for single photonsp. 462
Referencesp. 465
Indexp. 477
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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