Corpus-Based Language Studies: An Advanced Resource Book,9780415286237

Corpus-Based Language Studies: An Advanced Resource Book

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ISBN13: 9780415286237
ISBN10: 0415286239
Format: Nonspecific Binding
Pub. Date: 2006-01-13
Publisher(s): Routledge
List Price: $58.30

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Summary

Routledge Applied Linguisticsis a series of comprehensive resource books, providing students and researchers with the support they need for advanced study in the core areas of English language and Applied Linguistics. Each book in the series guides readers through three main sections, enabling them to explore and develop major themes within the discipline. Section A, Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends readers' techniques of analysis through practical application. Section B, Extension, brings together influential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to the field. Section C, Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the first two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enables readers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to develop their own responses. Throughout the book, topics are revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructed, with the reader'sunderstandingstrengthened by tasks and follow-up questions.

Author Biography

Tony McEnery is Professor of English Language and Linguistics and Head of the Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, UK Richard Xiao is a researcher at the Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, UK Yukio Tono is Professor at the Department of Languages and Cultures, Melkai University, Japan

Table of Contents

Series editors' preface xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
SECTION A: INTRODUCTION 1(122)
Unit A1 Corpus linguistics: the basics
3(10)
A1.1 Introduction
3(1)
A1.2 Corpus linguistics: past and present
3(1)
A1.3 What is a corpus?
4(1)
A1.4 Why use computers to study language?
5(1)
A1.5 The corpus-based approach vs. the intuition-based approach
6(1)
A1.6 Corpus linguistics: a methodology or a theory?
7(1)
A1.7 Corpus-based vs. corpus-driven approaches
8(3)
Summary
11(1)
Looking ahead
12(1)
Unit A2 Representativeness, balance and sampling
13(9)
A2.1 Introduction
13(1)
A2.2 What does representativeness mean in corpus linguistics?
13(2)
A2.3 The representativeness of general and specialized corpora
15(1)
A2.4 Balance
16(3)
A2.5 Sampling
19(2)
Summary
21(1)
Looking ahead
21(1)
Unit A3 Corpus mark-up
22(7)
A3.1 Introduction
22(1)
A3.2 The rationale for corpus mark-up
22(1)
A3.3 Corpus mark-up schemes
23(4)
A3.4 Character encoding
27(1)
Summary
28(1)
Looking ahead
28(1)
Unit A4 Corpus annotation
29(17)
A4.1 Introduction
29(1)
A4.2 Corpus annotation = added value
30(3)
A4.3 How is corpus annotation achieved?
33(1)
A4.4 Types of corpus annotation
33(11)
A4.5 Embedded vs. standalone annotation
44(1)
Summary
44(1)
Looking ahead
45(1)
Unit A5 Multilingual corpora
46(6)
A5.1 Introduction
46(1)
A5.2 Multilingual corpora: terminological issues
47(3)
A5.3 Corpus alignment
50(1)
Summary
51(1)
Looking ahead
51(1)
Unit A6 Making statistical claims
52(7)
A6.1 Introduction
52(1)
A6.2 Raw frequency and normalized frequency
52(1)
A6.3 Descriptive and inferential statistics
53(1)
A6.4 Tests of statistical significance
53(3)
A6.5 Tests for significant collocations
56(1)
Summary
57(1)
Looking ahead
57(2)
Unit A7 Using available corpora
59(12)
A7.1 Introduction
59(1)
A7.2 General corpora
59(1)
A7.3 Specialized corpora
60(1)
A7.4 Written corpora
61(1)
A7.5 Spoken corpora
62(2)
A7.6 Synchronic corpora
64(1)
A7.7 Diachronic corpora
65(1)
A7.8 Learner corpora
65(2)
A7.9 Monitor corpora
67(2)
Summary
69(1)
Looking ahead
70(1)
Unit A8 Going solo: DIY corpora
71(6)
A8.1 Introduction
71(1)
A8.2 Corpus size
71(2)
A8.3 Balance and representativeness
73(1)
A8.4 Data capture
73(1)
A8.5 Corpus mark-up
74(1)
A8.6 Corpus annotation
75(1)
A8.7 Character encoding
76(1)
Summary
76(1)
Looking ahead
76(1)
Unit A9 Copyright
77(3)
A9.1 Introduction
77(1)
A9.2 Coping with copyright: warning and advice
77(1)
Summary
78(1)
Looking ahead
79(1)
Unit A10 Corpora and applied linguistics
80(43)
A10.1 Introduction
80(1)
A10.2 Lexicographic and lexical studies
80(5)
A10.3 Grammatical studies
85(2)
A10.4 Register variation and genre analysis
87(3)
A10.5 Dialect distinction and language variety
90(1)
A10.6 Contrastive and translation studies
91(5)
A10.7 Diachronic study and language change
96(1)
A10.8 Language learning and teaching
97(6)
A10.9 Semantics
103(1)
A10.10 Pragmatics
104(4)
A10.11 Sociolinguistis
108(3)
A10.12 Discourse analysis
111(2)
A10.13 Stylistics and literary studies
113(3)
A10.14 Forensic linguistics
116(4)
A10.15 What corpora cannot tell us
120(1)
Summary
121(1)
Looking ahead
122(1)
SECTION B: EXTENSION 123(82)
Unit B1 Corpus representativeness and balance
125(6)
B1.1 Introduction
125(1)
B1.2 Biber (1993)
125(3)
B1.3 Atkins, Clear and Ostler (1992)
128(2)
Summary
130(1)
Looking ahead
130(1)
Unit B2 Objections to corpora: an ongoing debate
131(14)
B2.1 Introduction
131(1)
B2.2 Widdowson (2000)
131(4)
B2.3 Stubbs (2001b)
135(5)
B2.4 Widdowson (1991) vs. Sinclair (1991 b): a summary
140(4)
Summary
144(1)
Unit B3 Lexical and grammatical studies
145(15)
B3.1 Introduction
145(1)
B3.2 Krishnamurthy (2000)
145(3)
B3.3 Partington (2004)
148(4)
B3.4 Carter and McCarthy (1999)
152(3)
B3.5 Kreyer (2003)
155(4)
Summary
159(1)
Looking ahead
159(1)
Unit B4 Language variation studies
160(18)
B4.1 Introduction
160(1)
B4.2 Biber (1995a)
160(5)
B4.3 Hyland (1999)
165(4)
B4.4 Lehmann (2002)
169(5)
B4.5 Kachru (2003)
174(3)
Summary
177(1)
Looking ahead
177(1)
Unit B5 Contrastive and diachronic studies
178(17)
B5.1 Introduction
178(1)
B5.2 Altenberg and Granger (2002)
178(3)
B5.3 McEnery, Xiao and Mo (2003)
181(4)
B5.4 Kilpio (1997)
185(5)
B5.5 Mair, Hundt, Leech and Smith (2002)
190(4)
Summary
194(1)
Looking ahead
194(1)
Unit B6 Language teaching and learning
195(10)
B6.1 Introduction
195(1)
B6.2 Gavioli and Aston (2001)
195(3)
B6.3 Thurston and Candlin (1998)
198(3)
B6.4 Conrad (1999)
201(1)
Summary
202(1)
Looking ahead
203(2)
SECTION C: EXPLORATION 205(139)
Unit C1 Collocation and pedagogical lexicography Case study 1
208(19)
C1.1 Introduction
208(2)
C1.2 Collocation information
210(10)
C1.3 Using corpus data for improving a dictionary entry
220(5)
Summary
225(1)
Further study
225(2)
Unit C2 HELP or HELP to: what do corpora have to say? Case study 2
227(20)
C2.1 Introduction
227(1)
C2.2 Concordancing
228(7)
C2.3 Language variety
235(4)
C2.4 Language change
239(1)
C2.5 An intervening NP
240(1)
C2.6 The infinite marker preceding HELP
241(4)
C2.7 The passive construction
245(1)
Summary
246(1)
Further study
246(1)
Unit C3 L2 acquisition of grammatical morphemes Case study 3
247(17)
C3.1 Introduction
247(2)
C3.2 Morpheme studies: a short review
249(1)
C3.3 The Longman Learners' Corpus
250(1)
C3.4 Problem-oriented corpus annotation
251(9)
C3.5 Discussion
260(3)
Summary
263(1)
Further study
263(1)
Unit C4 Swearing in modern British English Case study 4
264(23)
C4.1 Introduction
264(1)
C4.2 Spoken vs. written register
265(4)
C4.3 Variations within spoken English
269(10)
C4.4 Variations within written English
279(6)
Summary
285(1)
Further study
286(1)
Unit C5 Conversation and speech in American English Case study 5
287(34)
C5.1 Introduction
287(1)
C5.2 Salient linguistic features
288(5)
C5.3 Basic statistical data from the corpus
293(10)
C5.4 The dimension scores of three genres
303(5)
C5.5 The keyword approach to genre analysis
308(11)
Summary
319(1)
Further study
320(1)
Unit C6 Domains, text types, aspect marking and English-Chinese translation Case study 6
321(23)
C6.1 Introduction
321(2)
C6.2 The corpus data
323(1)
C6.3 Translation of aspect marking
324(12)
C6.4 Translation and aspect marking
336(2)
C6.5 Domain and aspect marking
338(2)
C6.6 Text type and aspect marking
340(1)
Summary
341(2)
Further study
343(1)
Glossary 344(8)
Bibliography 352(27)
Appendix of useful Internet links 379(2)
Index 381

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