Radiographic and orthodontic experts gathered for the 39^th annual Moyers Symposium to discuss Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics: Indications, Insights, and Innovations. This text, more than a proceedings, is a comprehensive look at the clinical applications of CBCT as it relates to orthodontic practice. International contributors present the latest information on the indications and protocols for CBCT imaging, clinical insights gained from these images, and innovations driven by these insights. Specifically, the book covers topics such as technology assessment, evidence-based guidelines on case types and protocols for use, medicolegal implications, diagnosis and treatment planning, integration of CBCT data, and emerging technologies and future developments in CBCT imaging. Also included is a 2-DVD set of the presentations from the 39th annual Moyers Symposium, featuring nearly 12 hours of video.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics is organized to progress sequentially through topics so as to build the knowledge base logically in this important and rapidly evolving field. A substantial portion the book of provides in-depth information and case studies on clinical applications of CBCT in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery, making it ideal for orthodontic clinicians incorporating CBCT into their practice as well as orthodontic residents.

Sunil Kapila, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D., is Robert W. Browne Endowed Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, the University of Michigan School of Dentistry in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He is also the incoming director of the Moyers Symposium, a prestigious conference held at the University of Michigan, which each year focuses on a specific topic of orthodontics and craniofacial growth.

List of Contributors ix

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

Part 1 Technology Assessment and Enhancements 3

1 Contemporary Concepts of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics 5
Sunil D. Kapila

2 Functional and Technical Characteristics of Different Cone Beam Computed Tomography Units 43
Om P. Kharbanda, Neeraj Wadhawan, Rajiv Balachandran, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy, and Sunil D. Kapila

3 Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics: Perspectives on Radiation Risk 67
Sharon L. Brooks and John B. Ludlow

4 Rational Basis for Transitioning from 2D to 3D Radiographic Imaging in Orthodontic Practice and Research 81
Birte Melsen and Michel Dalstra

5 The Future of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and 3D Imaging in Orthodontics 103
Michael W. Vannier and Bin Jiang

Part 2 Protocols and Principles for Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging in Orthodontics 113

6 Development of Evidence-Based Selection Criteria for Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics 115
William C. Scarfe, Kirt E. Simmons, and Carla A. Evans

7 To Scan or Not to Scan: Medico-Legal Implications 127
Bernard Friedland

8 Protocols for the Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontic Practice 139
Aaron D. Molen

Part 3 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 165

9 How to Interpret Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans 167
Christos Angelopoulos

10 Detection of Incidental Findings in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging and Their Clinical Implications 185
Erika Benavides and Paul C. Edwards

11 3D Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 221
Juan Martin Palomo, Manish Valiathan, and Mark G. Hans

12 Application of 3D TMJ Imaging to TMJDs, TMJ Functional Analyses, and Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes 247
Anna-Kari Hajati, Lucia H.S. Cevidanes, Laura Iwasaki, Jeffrey C. Nickel, and Sunil D. Kapila

13 Characterization of the Upper Airway Morphology and Its Changes in the Apneic Patient Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 273
R. Scott Conley, Paolo M. Cattaneo, and Bruce S. Haskell

14 Alveolar Boundary Conditions in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 293
Sunil D. Kapila and Jeanne M. Nervina

Part 4 Clinical Applications and Treatment Outcomes 317

15 Assessment of Root Position and Morphology by Cone Beam Computed Tomography 319
Jeanne M. Nervina and Sunil D. Kapila

16 3D Image-Aided Diagnosis and Treatment of Impacted and Transposed Teeth 349
Sunil D. Kapila and Jeanne M. Nervina

17 Assessment of Maxillary Transverse Deficiency and Treatment Outcomes by Cone Beam Computed Tomography 383
Jeanne M. Nervina, Sunil D. Kapila, and Carlos Flores-Mir

18 Planning and Placing Temporary Anchorage Devices with the Aid of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Imaging 411
Sebastian Baumgaertel

19 3D Planning and Treatment Outcomes of Bone Anchored Maxillary Protraction 427
Tung Nguyen

20 Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography to Orthognathic Surgery Treatment Planning 437
Sean P. Edwards and R. Scott Conley

21 3D Diagnosis and Management of Facial Asymmetries 453
Abeer AlHadidi, Lucia H.S. Cevidanes, and Beatriz Paniagua

22 3D Assessment of Orthognathic Surgical Outcomes 463
Yoon-Ji R. Kim, Yang-Ho Park, Leonardo Koerich de Paula, and R. Scott Conley

23 3D Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Craniofacial Anomalies 485
Snehlata Oberoi, Jeanne M. Nervina, and Karin Vargervik

Index 509